1. Electron gun
Electron beam is produced by the electron gun via thermionic process, that is, the gun filament is heated by the applied electric current causing electrons to be released. These electrons are then ‘pulled’ toward the linear accelerator by an applied electric field.

2. Linear accelerators
Electron beam from the electron gun is then accelerated by two 20 MeV (20 million electron volts) linear accelerators, or linacs for short. After passing through the two accelerating structures, the 40 MeV electrons then enter the booster synchrotron via the low-energy beam transport line (LBT) for further acceleration.

3. Booster synchrotron
The booster synchrotron accelerates 40 MeV low energy electrons to 1.0 GeV (1 billion electron volts). Each round an electron circulates in the booster ring it gains incremental energy through applied radio wave inside the radio-frequency (RF) cavity. To attain 1.0 GeV energy electrons must circulate approximately 4 million turns in the booster, although the whole process lasts merely 0.6 seconds.

4. Storage ring
The 1.0 GeV electrons are then sent to the storage ring to be further accelerated up to 1.2 GeV. After this energy ramping process the electrons are stored in the ring to produce synchrotron radiation.

5. Insertion device
Insertion devices are specially designed magnetic systems installed or ‘inserted‘ into the electron storage ring to produce synchrotron radiation with specific properties. These magnets are able to generate synchrotron light with higher brightness, or higher energy, or both. They can also be designed to produce synchrotron light with specific polarization, i.e. circular or elliptical polarization.

6. Photon beamlines
Synchrotron light is carried to the experimental stations via photon beamlines. The two most important components of a photon beamline are the monochromator and focusing elements. Mirrors are used to focus the photon beam to a small area of interest while retaining the available photon fluxes. Monochromator is used to select the photon energy suitable for a particular experiment. Each beamline has different components and setups depending on the photon energy range to be used and type of experiment to be carried out.

7. Experimental stations
Experimental station is where the sample to be studied is located. A great number of measurements and experiments can be set up to utilize the generated synchrotron radiation. Data from the interaction processes between light and matter is then collected for subsequent analyses. Measurement techniques utilizing synchrotron radiation have been proven to be invaluable in researches in a wide variety of disciplines, including physical science, biological science, materials science, agriculture, archaeology, environmental science, among others.